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neuroengineering

BIOMECHANICS DISCIPLINES

EMERGING

ADDRESSING THE DYSFUNCTION

MOBILITY IN

Human movement is encoded by a set of nerve signals from the motor neurons of the spinal cord to a set of muscles. On this view, strategic contributions emerging disciplines such as biomechanics, neuro, nanotecnologíavvy computer science, are shedding light and new perspectives on the functioning of the nervous system. It was discussed at the table coordinated by the head of the Biomechanics Unit of the HNP and Assisted Living, Dr. Angel Gil. The Neuroengineering is a new discipline that combines engineering, including micro and nanotechnology, knowledge of electrical and mechanical systems, computer science, molecular and cognitive neuroscience, with two main objectives: improving basic knowledge of how the nervous system and the development of systems capable of restoring the functions in those affected by different neuronal types of disabilities.

During his speech in Toledo, Biorobotics professor of the Institute of Automation, Swiss Federal Technology Zurich, Silvestro Sir, referred to in recent years there have been several advances of neuro-hand, particularly in developing neural prostheses that can restore sensory and motor function in people with disabilities.

Dr. Mycenae showed the results after implantation of thin film electrodes in intra-fascicular median and ulnar nerves of an individual who suffered an amputation of hand and spoke of the possibility of deciphering the commands involved in the control of a prosthesis of the right hand after an investigation that lasted four weeks.

One of the ambitious objectives proposed neuro is the knowledge that allows the development of neural prostheses to restore locomotion in the spinal cord. For this, the Dr.Micena is conducting experiments in rodents in which the preliminary results in identifying the characterization of the response after epidural stimulation and cortical signal processing.

Since the definition of motion as being encoded by a set of nerve signals from the motor neurons of the spinal cord to a group of muscles, the head of the Engineering Department of Neurorehabilitation, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience University of Göttingen, Dario Farina, spoke of the studies being conducted in his laboratory in vivo on human motor neurons and their connections with high-density systems of electrodes implanted in the muscles themselves or placed on the skin.

Dr. Dario Farina showed how current techniques allow full decoding of signals from nerves to muscles and the identification of common and differential changes in the subpopulations of motor neurons, through a study implications on the man-machine interface.

For his part, responsible for Biomechanics and Grants Unit HNP techniques Dr. Ángel Gil, provided important data on the statistical weight and functional, including impairment of upper limb function, as one of the most common sequelae of spinal cord injury patients, "the upper extremities are affected over 50% of cases and the strength of the upper extremities are affected to some extent in people who have suffered injuries at the cervical level so it is difficult for them to perform many activities of daily living essential for their autonomy as the propulsion in manual wheelchair, eating, drinking and personal hygiene "

For Dr. Gil cinematic equipment and kinetic are ready to record, collect and analyze data from the lower end of the march, but when you consider the movement of the upper limb may be necessary to define and implement a biomechanical model of the upper limb which complicate the analysis. Furthermore, gait analysis is a cyclical movement clearly defined, especially in the sagittal plane, but the upper limb can perform a variety of non-cyclical movements are difficult to classify at all levels.

In contrast to the lower limbs, upper limbs have a functionally large due to the mobility of joints you can run multiple fine movements through the complex neuromuscular control. Lower limb movements have been extensively discussed in particular biomechanical studies on gait analysis have been developed in recent decades as an important technique to help in the clinical evaluation of patients with impaired mobility.

teacher also intervened Dejan B. Popovic Department of Health Sciences and Technology at the University of Aalborg in Denmark, who spoke on the need to optimize the application of electrical stimulation on motor neural prosthesis to restore functionality movement in humans with paralysis.

In his presentation, he mentioned that are still outstanding areas of research for this technology to be used regularly as a means of neurological rehabilitation or brace. Among the issues highlighted selective access to the neural pathways in the central and peripheral nervous system, physiological arousal and inhibition of neural pathways, integration and biological control, appropriate sensor design and improve communication between the decisions takes the user and the prosthesis